|
MAOP International
Public Development Academy
Boris A. MININ
NOVISTICS
(NEOLOGICS)
-
SCIENCE ABOUT THE NEW & USEFUL -
EDUCATIONAL SUPPLIES
For
senior classes of general education schools, colleges and higher
education institutes. It has been published drawing upon
conclusions and advices of Ministry of Education and Science of
Russia, by the IPDA project “NOVATIV (INNOVATIONAL) EDUCATION”
MOSCOW
2009
/ 2011
УДК 373.167.1:33+33 (075.3)
ББК 65я271
М61
THE AUTHOR
–
Boris A. MININ,
President of the International Public Development Academy, Chief
of the Federal Centre of certification, Doctor of engineering,
Full doctor of economics, Professor, Academician of the
International Academy of informatization (UN)
Consultants:
BOLOTOVA Lyudmila S.,
Full Doctor of Engineering, Professor of Moscow Institute of
radio-electronics and State University of innovative
technologies, an expert in systems of artificial intellect
VENIAMINOV Stanislav S., -
Full Doctor of Engineering, Professor, the expert in Space
Surveillance and Orbital Debris, the member of many
international Committees on the topic
(and
the translation)
DEMIDENKO Edward S.,
Full Philosophy Doctor, Professor
of
Bryansk State University, an expert in the urbanization
RADIN Valery B.,
Full Philosophy Doctor, Chief of Educational Academy of National
Security Problems, an expert in general security problems
TEREKHOV Alexander G.
Dr. of Engineering, Professor, Deputy Director of Institute of
micro economy, an expert in ecological security
TIKHONOV Rostislav
S.,
Dr. of economy, Professor, an expert in control and quality
systems
YASWIN Vitold A.,
Full Doctor of psychology, Prize winner of the Russian
government Award in Education
THE SUMMARY
It is prepared proceeding from the necessity precondition to
begin introduction in practice of teaching at compulsory
schools, and then at high schools, of the theory of creativity
and practice of the innovative (we consider more precisely –
novative, i.e. not only “implementative”) activity.
Simultaneously it is necessary to essentially lower the volume
of compulsory injection in the pupils’ heads, without dependence
from their preferences, tremendous dogmatic material in all –
as if immemorial and for ever, but thus to teach it in a
dialectic form, with an explanation of how and in what
conditions it was created, opened, or invented, what
difficulties were overcome , with an explanation of
indispensable exceptions of the conventional laws and with
obligatory examples of their application.
But for the pupils having sharp preferences of some subjects,
we, on the contrary, consider the necessity of creation for them
the most favorable, conditions for studying of these
disciplines.
It is possible to consider, that this book opens a new era in
pedagogy, corresponding to the new Space age: one should not
so much trust and worship, but, the main thing, – create and
improve, to invent new and useful things, to become an
architect and a smith of the life.
THIS EDITION was printed after the message on a recognition in
the EU of 2009 as «the Year of creativity and innovations» with
the notification on this event and expansion of the material of
applications.
ISBN
373.167.1:33+33
(075.3)
©
Minin B, 2009
© «IPDA»,
2009
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PREFACE FOR TEACHERS AND EXPERTS
Below
is a concise content from the large project implemented by our
initiative in 2008.
A
special part in support of our confidence in the right way of
our works in the sphere of public development and, in
particular, in education, has played by the decision of
Europarliament in 2008 we revealed for ourselves. We mean the
decision on the European Year of Creativity and Innovation 2009
DECISION OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning the European
Year of Creativity and Innovation (2009) - COMMISSION OF THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Brussels, 28.3.2008;
KOM (2 008) 159 endgultig
В
2008/0064 (COD.
That was an unprecedented decision in its accuracy and details.
The next support was the decision of Government of Qatar on
performing a wide search of the best decisions in the sphere of
education (also oriented onto higher governmental and personal
priorities of social-economic development). These events gave us
to feel ourselves wanted and right for the first time for later
decades.
For
short, THE DESCRIPTION OF THE HERE SUGGESTED PROJECT INCLUDES
THE FOLLOWING:
·
a
substantiation of the necessity and further the real possibility
of introduction into schools of the new subject – NOVISTICS,
based not on memorizing and learning by rote a great deal of
material, but on teaching pupils and students to innovatively
and creatively think;
·
a
description of the structure of the new sort of a textbook for
realization
The
textbook includes:
∗
a description of natural processes of evolution in nature;
∗
an explanation of organized and unorganized processes of
development in human society, rules and samples of revelation of
defects in the life round about, and insistently pointing pupils
to elimination of defects;
∗
a substantiation and explanation of different criteria
(economic, social, and ecologic) efficiency of innovations, a
notion of efficiency as a whole;
∗
the algorithms of transformation of educational material and
educational process for all existent educational disciplines
with the aim of introduction of the new means of teaching –
innovational;
∗
a description of projects for establishing the School of
creativity and the University of creativity (of public
development)
After
official introduction of the educational discipline NOVISTICS
into schools, the rules of entering institutes and universities
and the structure of the united state examination (USE) should
change and so on.
We
have every reason to consider our unpretentious project and the
book created in its frame (the first textbook on the innovative
tuition) will let us start the new era in pedagogics,
corresponding to the New Space Era:
Never trust and never
worship but create and perfect: to invent the new and useful,
everyone should be an architect and a smith of
his
Life.
So, we propose to start without delay the introduction of the
theory of creation and the practice of innovative (more
exactly, novative – not only inculcative!) activity
into the practice of teaching in schools and then in institutes.
With that, we should essentially decrease the amount of
compulsory bringing in the finished stuff into the pupils’
heads, with no dependence on their preferences – the finished
stuff, as if since earliest times and forever.
As it
is well known, only a small portion of this stuff can be
remembered more than till the next exams. Proposing to
essentially restrict the teaching material, we believe it is
necessary to teach it in dialectic development, with explanation
of how and in what social conditions it was created - revealed
or invented, what obstacles were overcome, with giving some
exceptions to the rules and laws, and with obligatory examples
of their application to the practice.
We
should urgently see and realize a flagrant contradiction: the
laws of most countries envisage the criminal prosecution for the
sexual abuse, but our educational system easily allows not less
harmful, constant and mass violation against the young minds
and bodies of our pupils.
The
position and materials of this project and that of our textbook
have being formed for more than 30 years – since 70s of the past
century.
But
the immediate stimuli for active propagation of innovative
education came to us very recently, when it occurred to us
absolutely clearly: the reason by which people do not conceive
any novelty and, if there is a possibility, prevent from its
realization, especially in case of social novelty (which, as it
is known, is wanted by all together but no one concretely) -
not bad people but their poor education, long ago being behind
the time. Those people do not absolutely understand the things
«NOT INVENTED HERE».
Plus,
of course, the stagnant justice system, which judges and
condemns for violation of items of law, invented by people, but
not for the harm caused, including because of non-introduction
of useful novelties.
Nevertheless, the primary matter is the educational system
beginning from school.
The
education system which we offer, in all respects can be called
experimental:
·
the
very subject “Neo‑knowledge”, “Neology” (or generalized -
“Novistics”) is introduced experimentally;
·
then,
as an experiment, for younger classes and for elderly (senior)
ones (or for more interested pupils) the materials have been set
up in different fonts;
·
as an
experiment, after the analysis of possible replies to the
material of this test edition, it is supposed the mass
invitation of teachers and scientific community for its
perfection and polishing. The names of the authors of all
accepted remarks and suggestions will be indicated and thanked.
And
if this subject will be introduced into a standard and accepted
as a textbook, then, for preparation of its analogs for the most
initial classes of different schools and then for institutes,
invitation of experts is envisaged for preparing independent
educational supplies on all basic school and institute subjects
in correspondence with the acting standards. The most active
experts will be introduced as co-authors.
Some
recommendations on the subjects are given in the last part of
the book.
At
last, experimentally but based upon the real Russian
experience, a special algorithm is supposed for studying
the material by pupils and students: all and at once during a
year, but with its repetition in the following years on the new
levels.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION |
1. DEVELOPMENT IN THE NATURE AND THE SOCIETY
|
1.1.
Natural cosmological, geological and climatic changes.
Influence of human (anthropogenic) activity |
1.2.
Development of means of production, subjects of
consumption and conditions of survival |
1.3.
The non-material goods |
Questions and tasks |
2. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
|
2.1.
A novation Public development – what is it? |
2.2.
To see and foresee (to predict) the consequences from
defects
and how to exclude them |
2.3.
Technical and social revolutions and shocks. What will
happen, if not to think on them in advance? Revolutions,
evolutions and involutions (stagnation or recourse) |
2.4.Formation
of "revolutionary ethics». On up-to-date reorientation
of members of a society and on the "proletariat’s"
leading part in revolutions
2.5.
How to avoid wars and revolutions and to constructively
organize the effective development |
|
Questions and tasks |
3. WHAT is the SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HOW TO ACCELERATE
IT. SOCIOMICS
|
3.1.
Where is the distinction between the organization of
economic, political, and social development?
|
3.2.
What comes into the concept of social factors and what a
social effect or a damage is. |
3.3.
To develop means to correctly stimulate |
3.4.
The objective and subjective reasons of public
resistance for socially useful novelties. Resistance
forms to the new and useful occurrences. And resistance
to this resistance (counter-resistence) |
3.5.
About indemnification of the damage caused as a result
of antisocial
activity or inactivity |
3.6.
Constructive sociology
3.7.
Science and production and consumption practice of the
social goods – Sociomy
|
|
Questions and tasks |
4. SCIENCE OF RENOVATION (DEVELOPMENT) OF A SOCIETY |
4.1.
Science about novelty– NOVISTICS |
4.2.
How to get rid of the habitual “trues”, the imposed
stamps and the thought up myths |
4.3.
The craft of invention – designing
of steady systems. Inventions de facto and de jure
|
4.4.
Fundamentals of metrology of innovations (NEOMETRY). The
elementary formulae for calculations |
4.5.
On the quality calculation |
4.6.
Obsolescence, Novelty and Rank of scientific and
technical achievements
4.7.
On the origin of occurrence of creative ideas. Creation
of the «informencyclopaedia» of one’s country –
video-histories about everyone who transforms it |
|
Questions and tasks |
Conclusion to the first book
Appendix 1. On the quality of goods and services
Appendix 2. Sciencemetry. The scientific potential of
scientific achievements
Appendix 3. Obsolescence, novelty, prospects, and a rank
of innovations
|
SECTION FOR TEACHERS, SCIENTISTS AND EXPERTS
|
On the project
«Innovative education » - for teachers, scientists and
experts |
The basic list of the literature
which have generated this course of novative education
|
The scheme of adaptation
of the subject-matter of the book for preparation of
manuals (practical guidances) in concrete subjects
|
On THE PROJECT «NOVATIVE EDUCATION» for teachers,
scientists and expertsThe LETTER by the Ministry
of Education and Science of the Russian Federation |
INTRODUCTION
“Never trust and never worship but create and perfect”
DEAR FRIENDS,
You have
stepped into the world full of beautiful and enigmatic things,
created by Nature and your parents. But, as everything all
around, it is full also of incomplete, imperfect, and unfinished
things. And it is developing. Very soon, you together with us,
elderly people, will be forced to learn how to find round about
all imperfect things lending themselves to perfection. And all
this is for finding new solutions and making our life better and
securer. To be trained enough for this you should read this
book.
More than 6
billion people live in the world now. If all the people were
uniformly distributed over the Earth (ABOUT 500 million km
squared), it would give 12 people for one km2, and we
could scarcely see each other. But as a matter of fact, the most
area of the Earth’s surface (70%) is occupied by seas and
oceans. So, the real average density is much higher. However, a
great part of the remaining area is unfit for living (deserts,
bogs and so on). The populated area appears much less, and over
it, people do not settle uniformly. People have densely
populated the area about 3 million km2. In Moscow and
in some southern cities, up to 10 thousand people occupy 1 km
squared. It became possible because we have learned to build
many-storeyed houses and to leave great territories for forests
supplying us with oxygen for breath, for fields and gardens
giving us foodstuffs.
Alas, we have
not so much lands fit for production of foodstuffs, and their
area constantly decreases. But, what is more significant, the
productivity of those lands fall very fast. A man, for his own
need, does away with forests, exhausts the lands, which have
been created by nature for many millions of years. And in many
places people are in need of food. We lack pure water fit for
drink, raw materials for plants,…
People have
been fighting for these resources for many years. For an ancient
man that was even useful: it let him support his physical and
moral vitality and helped his biological and spiritual
development. But then, after appearance of machines, all the
positive of this has disappeared.
The refined
weapons invented by people – tanks and bombs – kill a great
amount of human creatures – good and bad, kind and evil …
And after
inventing the nuclear weapons, a contemporary war, if any, would
be a tremendous threat for everyone who is even not a soldier, a
threat for the entire world.
And, at the
same time, the more machines are produced, the less really pure
drinkable water and good foodstuffs remain. They are not enough
for all countries and nations, and many children, barely born,
die.
It is very
hard to prevent this. A Man today should be not only just
clever, but also wise. He should learn not only to think
standardly (when 2+2=4), but also creatively (when, thanks to
his inventions, 2+2 appears more than 4). The latter “paradox”
occurs in the nature not so often but it appeared long ago,
perhaps millions of years ago. But a Man conceived this
“synergy” rather recently. As a matter of fact, it is a grain (a
core) of any real invention, novelty, innovation. And then he (a
Man) conceived the necessity of guarding his inventions. A
patent system began to develop, which now exists in relatively
developed countries. Today one should count on innovation, on
the innovative way of development as a great reserve of
self-development. That is why the leaders of many nations (as
well as ours) declare the innovative way as the main means of
development. The innovation is introduction of the novelty.
Well, as we will be engaged not only in introducing something
created by somebody else, but as well will try to create
something ourselves, we called our project “novative”.
Unfortunately, only few people are able to create efficient
constructions, inventions, and “systems”, i. e. the novations
with the gain more than the expenditures.
Polish scienceologists once calculated that only one of 200 can
be a real scientist and only one of 2000 – a real inventor! Why
should you wonder? WE WERE NOT TAUGHT TO THIS AND ARE NOT.
Please, ask your parents what the invention is and how to do
this. Very few of them will give a correct answer.
We
should learn this starting with this book.
One
sharp-sighted historian once noted: each new generation wishes
to have its portion of glory. Well, wars, where one could easily
become famous, but lose one’s life as well - they remain not
infrequent phenomenon on Earth. Terrorism, assault, and
aggression in the streets of towns and villages have not yet
disappeared.
Our
country in principle seeks to live peacefully, and martial lads
should think how to get their portion of glory at the peaceful
field. And it does not mean to win in the TV game “for a
million” or in an infantile quiz “please, guess the word” or
“recall: what, where, and when?” And not a record in “Guinness
book”, unless it was made something useful for people.
To just
understand each other, let’s clarify what we mean by the word
“useful” (socially useful). By this word, we mean one’s action
to help (free of charge) anybody earn more for being able to buy
more useful and pleasant things, if one makes a present to
people more years of pleasant and productive life, if the
created technique works longer and one’s invention is used
longer and effectively in different kinds of technique, if one
can save people from dirty water and atmosphere, from assault,
from being stolen, from miscarriage of justice … Some day we
will learn to calculate all this usefulness in banknotes –
rubles, Euro, US dollars,…
Let us not
give way to charms of the magic word “progress”. In reality, its
paces in terms of social usefulness are much more humble than it
seems. Please, ask your granddad to look for his electric
shaving-set he used in his youth age, if he has not yet disposed
it. Please, ask him to shave himself with it and to compare the
result with the quality of shaving with the help of nowadays
shaving-set. Most likely, he will not detect the difference.
Only perhaps
the new one became lighter and less noisy. But for many years,
hundreds of designers, scientists, and even inventors perfected
its construction. (By the way, the Patent fund is replenished
almost a half million items a year.) Our fathers, grandfathers,
and we are paying for all this when buying it. It turns out that
all the efforts were in vain. Were these? Approximately the same
is with old players which are much better than the modern ones –
the so called “soap-boxes”. One of the causes is the absence of
right quality control, to be more exact, the misestimate of
relationship between the increase of quality and the increase of
cost. We will discuss this as well.
What is our
main sensation of progress? (I hope, we will not doubt in its
existence.)
It is
appreciable, as a rule, where “the principally new” ways,
inventions with a high level of novelty and creativeness are
being mastered. For example, the advantage of CD can be
appreciated if compared with magnetic tape, the new UHF/FM-bands
– if compared with earlier “overpopulated” medium waves. Your
parents can help you feeling the difference. Or invention of the
format mp3… It is a pity, the composition of talented music is
going in the former rate, and from the newly brought “melodies”
even a grass fades (literally). But that is another topic.
We should
note: there are no two progresses alike. Let’s arrange about the
following: we are for progress including the
technical one, but in the case if we do not pay
for this by duration of our fellow citizens’ life, if it is not
pressed on us and we are not obliged to suffer any harm
connected with it.
We will try
to understand how to detect demerits and under-working up
in all around us, and how to search for the ways of their
neutralization and rendering them harmless. Perhaps, something
we will find could be an invention. Then we will learn to
properly form it.
Today and
always, it is impossible to live and impetuously develop,
rendering no harm to everybody. If you are building even a
little house, all your neighbors are forced to suffer noise and
other discomforts. And similar situations occur almost in
everything. But then let the committer pay us for this harm just
the amount as we sense the harm. We will teach you to estimate
the harm as well.
Suppose,
if we (all mankind) had arranged to reimburse the harm posed by
the results of technical progress and the designers of the
American nuclear bomb (the total amount of them was about 5 or
10 thousand) had been aware of this, they would have scarcely
agreed to undertake such a work. It turns out that due to
bombing Hiroshima every one of them appeared to have been a
killer of 10 through 20 people.
And now the
estimate: each of the culprits should have to pay 20 – 50
million dollars to the relations – even the American salary
would not do. That means that they would be forced to become
Japanese slaves!
Our
progress is moved by scientists. In Russian, the word
“scientists” (“ученые”)
runs like “those who have been taught”, i. e. those absorbed
some knowledges gained somewhere by somebody. In English this
word sounds differently: men of science, persons engaged in
science + skillful, skilful. You are going to become such
persons after mastering this course. Not everyone will become
great at once, but some day and with your inquisitiveness you
will. At any rate, you will differently look at the world around
– not the same as those who did not read these books.
Just note at
once: the agile indefatigable children, and even hooligans will
be able to expose success more than average abilities.
But in any
case, a young mind not overloaded by stereotypes and common
places is able to learn innovation and invention much more
successfully than a grown-up person tasked by his chief.
The adultness
will add “texture”, working facts, which could be easily
introduced into the shell of our rules.
Perhaps,
since the first school years you felt lack of time and then,
what is more important, lack of health. From whence will you
take time for reading this book? The matter of fact is that we
and the teachers will arrange about the main subjects the
following: you will not be coached for a great massif of
materials you are not obliged to know. We will reveal you a
terrible mystery, which, perhaps, was revealed for you by your
parents: from all you are given in school you remember a small
portion – about one tenth, and you will need in your life only
one tenth from the latter. And it will be really so, only if
this small (only one percent!) but fundamental portion was
splendidly explained to you by your teachers in school and
visibly shown with the help of samples from the life around :
electric lamps, audio‑video players, PCs, Internet, automobiles,
airplanes, washing soda, …
All the rest
knowledge will be soon forgotten.
But not by
everybody. There are children, in which a special thirst for
certain subjects exists. They will need the rest knowledge,
not remembered by the others. The more so, they may be in need
of new and new knowledge from more serious books, from Internet,
from advanced scientists, inventors and so on. But that is an
individual obligatory trouble of their parents and schools.
We, adults,
in our life had time to experience different political systems,
that is, systems servicing those or other social layers, those
or other doctrines.
Many of us
have survived socialism and capitalism in different forms. The
main disadvantage of the “political” approach is the sincere
indignation of ideologists and disciples of each following
system with respect to the preceding one. And negation of it.
So, our today’s worshippers and political workers of capitalism
have tried to strike everything coming from socialism out of our
life. In something, they are right: so called socialism brought
many harm to us. Nevertheless, under thorough study it appeared
that, by different reasons, the practitioners of socialism had
introduced no one of the main principles of socialism declared
by classics – Marks and Engels. These are: payment according the
results of one’s labor; taking into account in these results not
only and not so much economy of expenditures as the use value
(usefulness) of these results; the possibility of revolution at
once in several (not only one) highly-developed countries, and
so on. The pupils of senior classes are able to understand it
well. That is why we had had not the real socialism.
One wonders,
in the West, when the economic crisis occurred in 2008, as
witnesses say, at once the people bought up all the books by
Marks – an ideologist of socialism. However, 2008 has shown that
the main principle of capitalism (the market one) was not
realized, especially in the monetary sphere. If you attentively
read this book, you will see that it contains many most
productive ideas for perfecting our life independently of
politics. So, studying this first book by chapters you will
understand:
·
how
many unlike cultures and civilizations existed and now exist on
Earth, how they arrived, how occurred wars and revolutions, and
how one should try to prevent them;
·
that
for saving our and any other culture and its development
sometimes one should overcome complex barriers including
psychological;
·
that,
besides military and economic power, the determinative matter
for citizens is their life level including material income, good
circumstances, and protection against wars and gangsters – for
this, the regular renovation (development) of society is needed;
·
that
for correct estimate of usefulness of innovations, the opinion
of the consumer (the people) plays the leading part, as well as
regarding this opinion when working out the rules of personal
behavior and determining the use and harm, the latter being
greatly dependent on the decision of all leaders and managers;
·
that
forming a special science will be needed, intended for studying
and developing the most effective methods for creating
novelties, determining mechanisms of implementing the best ones;
·
that
now and forever it is necessary to revise the efficiency of all
projects being suggested and realized, of all already existing
organizations, consuming money from taxes (our money), and, if
necessary, to correct the ways of their development.
From the
second book you will understand:
·
that
in all above a special place should be given to propaganda of
activities of cultural and religious organizations living by
higher general interests, which can ennoble our souls;
·
why
your questions are so important for you and will be acquainted
with a concentrated product out of a variety of articles on the
topic of how to save and multiply your physical and psychic
health;
·
where
the sense of educational innovations is which occur now
beginning with introduction of this course, and how it will
affect your future health and capacity for work;
·
the
most actual directions in development of the society
encompassing us.
The last
chapter of Second book contains a free review of the above in
controversial and publicistic key, which will help you to fix
all you have known during the year.
To understand
equally the structure of development, we tried to depict it in
Figure 1.
DEAR FRIENDS!
Much of what you can read here some people may consider as
far-fetched and useless. Many of us met and still meet something
like this talking to higher officials. That’s in the best case.
But more often our initiatives are left unnoticed. By this, they
try to let us see insignificance of these works and of all the
topic.
Let us
repeat: all changed for us since January 2009 when we knew (by
the way, absolutely by chance – from Internet) that our
neighbors – the whole Euro Union – came to a far-reaching
program “European Year of Creation and Innovations - 2009”. We
will tell about it in the end of this book. They (Europeans) in
time and opportunely understood the necessity of mobilizing
creative power of the people for neutralization of the
challenges of upcoming overall globalization, and, on the
contrary, − for utilizing its advantages. It will soon come to
us, but you will be the first.
We are sure
that someday any novations, projects, programs, just books,
films, video clips, even musical pieces, culinary and other
receipts, sports games, rumors and fantasies will be
considered in terms of speed of social development and saving
the human genofund.
Or, on the
contrary, of degradation of a human being and all mankind.
The time of
such a great change is upcoming.
Chapter 1.
Development in
Nature and Society
Here is the subject of
our conversation:
Ø
Natural cosmologic, geologic, and weather changes. Human
activity effects
Ø
Development of means of production, goods of consumption, and
vital functions conditions
Ø
Non-material goods
Ø
1.1. Natural cosmologic, geologic, and weather changes. Human
activity effects
In our nature
on the Earth different cyclic phenomena occur, which are
conditioned by tectonic, climatic, and other natural changes,
significantly affecting our life. As compared with our human
life, these phenomena and changes are very intensive though
relatively slow and even predictable – except volcanic
explosions, earthquakes, tsunami, and other cataclysms.
But in the
last decades, human activities essentially increased and their
consequences can be even compared with natural. For instance, if
any alien makes observations of our planet in not visible
frequency range but in the radio band, he will see our planet as
a bright star. Though, because of superposition of many radio
stations he could scarcely distinguish human speech.
Now we
compete with nature phenomena in excretion of heat, which are
redoubled by the so called “hothouse effect” and excretion of CO2
as a consequence of burning the hydrocarbon fuel (first of all
in automobile and aviation motors and launch vehicles). This
threatens to change our climate, to melt the ice at the north
and south poles and mountain peaks. The low-lying lands (Europe,
some parts of USA, and others) can just be flooded.
But all these
are remote and only possible consequences. Nevertheless, there
are some consequences from our human activities which should be
considered just now. And the main source and cause is the
impetuous non-controlled technical development.
What are the
current human activities?
If we look to
the International invention classifier, we will see that this
voluminous encyclopedia contains tens of thousands kinds of
activities, within which a lot of various inventions (up to the
most fine details) has been made and are being made. The most
principle ones are only several, but the annual amount of the
registration documents reaches 400 thousands.
And among
them, the technique is at the first place during the last 100
years.
But if one
considers the anthropological, common to all mankind effect,
then it began still before the impetuous technical development.
And the consequences are the following.
The
scientists have calculated that for all the history (say, for 10
thousand years) the mankind has annihilated approximately 40% of
the biosphere – of all that gives us food and the life. The 30%
(from 40%) have been annihilated for the last 200 years, when
the impetuous technical development occurred. It can be easily
calculated that extermination of the biosphere has accelerated
approximately by 150 times. But the amount of people increased
from 3 million to 1 – 7 billion, that is, approximately by 1000
times. It would be interesting to know, that, if to count the
average age of first population was 30 and that of the current
population is 50, then the contrast would be greater.
Consequently, in time, with growth of “wiseness” of the mankind
it consumes more economically. Though, with that, we cannot yet
proceed with such consumption.
For 10
thousand years, the agriculture has exterminated 2 billion
hectares of fertile soil, from those – 0.7 billion hectares only
for the last 300 years, and for the last 50 years – 0.3 billion.
I.e. the acceleration is by 11 times and 30 times, respectively.
And the population increased for that time from 3 million
through 6 billion. Now, with the same acceleration, the fertile
lands remained for 150 – 200 years. And now there is the
shortage of food in many regions. There are still many problems
for inventors and real scientists on Earth. Nothing to say on
the necessity of growth of spiritual needs, which for a
civilized human being have already gotten equal and even exceed
the amount of paid material needs.
A
reference:
POPULATION is a continuously renewable (in the process of
production) community of people living on Earth as a whole or at
some its part. As a guide, by the end of epoch of paleolith
(about 15,000 B. C.) the population reached 3 million people,
by the end of neolith (2,000 B. C.) – 50 million, in the
beginning of A. D. there were already 230 million people on
Earth, in A. D. 1000 – 275 million, in 1800 – 1 billion, in 1900
– 1.6 billion, in 1960 – 3 billion, in 1993 – 5.5 billion, in
2003 – 6.3 billion, now (Febr. 2008) – more than 6 billion and
670 million people, and as predicted for 2050 – 9.2 billion. Up
to 1970s the population grew following the hyperbolic law; now
we can see some retardation of the population growth (reference
from “The Earth population - Vikipedia”).
But the main
misfortune is contamination of all environments of our existence
– air, water, soil, and space. We are going to talk on this in
the next Chapter.
1.2.
Development of means of production, goods of consumption, and
vital functions conditions
This is
development of what the production is made by, with the
help of which one works, what is produced, and in what
conditions people live and produce. One should perfect all this
– improve, enhance the quality and efficiency, and
make it cheaper to have superfluous money for
alternative necessary things, including non-material goods, as
well as spiritual and cultural wealth.
Our time, as
compared with that of 200 and even 100 years ago, is
characteristic of very fast technical progress. The techniques
helps us to build more quickly and more comfortable houses,
gives us to easily communicate each other, to produce the
cheaper furniture, dress, footwear, means of records of music
and movie, to come to outer space, and to carry on the
prospective researches.
But so was
not ever. Many of nowadays production 100 years ago were absent
at all.
We are
very uneconomical
We should
clearly conceive that all these goods require more and more raw
materials. We draw it from the world stocks, which have been
accumulated on Earth and in Earth for millions and billions of
years. And if we proceed with so rapidly annihilating all these
sources, they will not remain for our children and, perhaps,
even for us. We should learn to create new technical means and
make new inventions much more economical and with much greater
ratio of profit to expenditure, i. e. with more efficiency. And
in future, we should especially encourage it. And before it, we
should learn to measure this efficiency and to show it to
everybody.
The growth of
technique is not the main and not the final index of our labor
efficiency. Would you agree, when you come into your flat, into
your home, you need not just know what kind of electric network
is set in your region for supplying you flat. You would like to
have a possibility to come into a warm and well illuminated
room; the electricity should be of sufficient voltage (now it is
usually 220 v) and, by the way, stable that the lamps would not
frequently burn out.
Someone of
your parents perhaps works or worked in the so called
“production sphere” and perhaps know what the documentation for
production of any technical good is. For example – an electric
lamp. This is hundreds of pages of detailed text and working
drawings. All this is so despite a lamp appears a very
simple thing: a thin glow-lamp filament (usually of one of the
most refractory metals - tungsten) stretched between two thick
traverses soldered to the cap. It was invented long ago, almost
200 years ago, but the new inventions of it are coming to the
patent organizations constantly. In the future, they perhaps
will come from you. This is so nothing to say on the new
energy-saving lamps, which only just now are coming into our
life. What is anticipated in future – we will know later from
the most foolhardy persons of you, who without fail will invent
many more useful things.
Light, heat,
pleasant uncontaminated air, the sufficient silence – all these
are the conditions of our life and our labor. For the sake of
them a man creates (should create!) many machines, produces many
energy. And we all pay for the labor of those who produces all
this.
But we pay
not for all so far
This is an
alternative side of the medal, which everybody should know since
his young age. The matter of fact is that the plants producing
something not only draw the natural wealth for transforming them
into the necessary machines, but they impose certain harm to the
surrounding population and nature, some portion of energy is
going to outer space. Not deliberately, but it comes out so.
When the consumer buys some production he pays for the labor of
makers and the loss of energy. But there is something more.
Quite
recently, they believed that the main negative effect of our
plants is the so called “hothouse effect”, when CO2
arising in almost every production produces in higher layers of
atmosphere a sort of protective film preventing the heat
exchange of the Earth. But these leaks are not the main negative
effect (i. e. damage) of our human (as scientists say,
anthropogenic) activities. The last research showed that our
technogenic activities, as compared with the natural one (for
example, volcanic), is almost nothing – less than 10%. But today
the more important problem exists: how to prevent the “earthly”
damage which is much more harmful – that from contamination of
the air we breathe in, the water we drink, the soil we grow
vegetable crops and fruits which we eat … How to solve this
problem? The simplest right way to do it is paying for all this
at the expense of consumer with the aim of stimulating and
encouraging lowering the cost.
What we
should pay for?
The main
portion of harm – more than a half – we receive from the
contaminated atmosphere air, which we breathe in ventilating our
lungths approximately by 5 – 7 litres a minute. Via the air the
contaminations get into our organism, and the blood conveys them
to all our vital organs. In settlements, one of the most
intensive polluters is an automobile fed by the hydrocarbon fuel
(gas et cetera). It is a splendid invention of mankind. So we
will consider it as an example.
An automobile
gives us many comforts. They are well known: the rapidity of
delivering cargos and people, the comfortable conditions for
passengers (more comfortable than in the common transport, the
more so, than afoot). However, it creates many problems and
does much harm to us: many thousands of people are being killed
by cars (in the US they calculated that the losses from cars are
the same as if they would be monthly from the aircraft Boeing
catastrophes); we are forced to breathe in the toxic exhaust;
the people living along the congested routes suffer from
constant noise and cancer diseases; cars in towns occupy a
significant area in yards and at the roadsides.
Below, in the
Table compiled for Moscow conditions we give, as an example, the
information on the damage caused by the automobile transport to
Muscovites and the Moscow guests.
Table
Kinds of
effect |
Main consequences
of the automobile effect
Damage is
indicated in the next column, billion rubles a year
(approximately) |
Annual damage |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1.
Toxic substances in exhaust.
Objects of the
effect: practically, all the population of a town |
1.1.Biological
effect |
Diseases of
circulation of the blood, endocrine and nervous systems,
digestive disorder, disorder of metabolism, disorder of
the immune system: weakening of resistance of organism
at the background of cardio-vascular diseases, increase
of diathesis for catarrhal and inflectional diseases and
so on |
25 |
1.2.Psychological
effect |
Organic losses
due to subjectively (morally) conceived influence,
particularly – irritation of central nervous system due
to smog and unpleasant smells, neurotic effect and
growth of aggressive behavior of people, the sense of
discomfort up to the suicidal propensity and so on |
7
|
1.3.Ecological
effect |
Oppression of
flora and fauna, growth of expenditures for their
restoration, lowering of the air cleanness and
production of oxygen, lowering of esthetics. Losses from
degradation of soil, lowering of crop capacity at the
by-route collective and private agricultural allotments,
degradation of inanimate nature – disorder of stability
of geological processes and so on |
0.3 |
Total: 32 |
2. Toxic
contamination of the air due to tire dust
Objects of
effect: population of towns living in the by-route
houses, workers of the rubber industry, children of such
parents, children contacting spare tires |
2.1.Biological
effect |
Lowering of
immunity: for workers of tire industry, drivers, and
population – heightened hazard of illness (bronchitis,
tracheitis, asthma, and others), strongly pronounced
carcinogenesis – growth of oncologic diseases and
mutagenesis |
No data |
2.2.Economical
and material |
Budget and
personal expenditures for treatment of cancer patients |
0.5 |
Total:
>0.5 |
3.
Acoustic contamination
Objects of
effect: population of towns at a distance up to 1 – 1.5
km from the autobahns |
3.1.
Biophysiological |
Oppression of
psychics, lowering of immunity of people |
2 |
3.2.
Moral-psychological effect |
Bias of semantics
and even the sense of life and then – attempt upon the
value guidelines (often not only antihuman but also
anti-personal actions, up to stimulating direct suicidal
guidelines). Continuous noise brings up persons having
the coarsened psychics, socially hard-hearted and
inactive, with primitive needs and creatively unable
|
6 |
Total: 8 |
4. The occupied
area
Objects of
effect: practically, all the population of a town |
4.1.
Economical
and social |
The area excluded
from planned economy and social circulation (as
estimated by the Moscow land department) |
20
|
4.2.
Moral-psychological |
De-esthetization
of the territory, time expenditure due to round-about of
the parked cars, and so on; irritation,
spiritual-esthetic losses for people due to
de-esthetization (lowering of esthetics) of the
surrounding nature |
3 |
Total:23 |
5. Road-transport
accidents (RTA)
Objects of
effect: drivers, passengers, and pedestrians |
5.1.
Economical
effects |
The losses for
community due to the under-obtained portion of Gross
National Product; expenditures of organizations for
repair and acquisition of new techniques, for treating
and change of workers; expenditures of the Government
and local administration for liquidation of consequences
of the road-transport accidents |
2 |
5.2.
Material
(personal and for the family) |
Damage and
lowering of material income for near ones; damage
incurred due to loss of the bread-winner |
0.7 |
5.3.
Physical
(organic) |
Deterioration of
health of the RTA’s victims and, as a consequence,
lowering of capacity for work, living stamina,
self-feeling, immunity for infections and so on |
Not accounted
here |
5.4.
Moral-psychological |
Stresses and
depressions due to RTA |
0.1
|
Total: 3 |
6. Traffic-jam
(in
the EU techniques especially accounted)
Objects of
effect: particularly drivers and passengers |
6.1.
Economic |
Lowering of the
volume of realization of delayed goods and services,
decrease of the volume of works due to reduction of
working time |
7 |
6.2.
Material |
Decrease of the
labor payment due to coming late |
1 |
6.3.
Moral-psychological |
Useless loss of
personal time due to waiting |
1.5 |
Total: 9 |
The sum damage
equals 75 billion rubles a year, including 27 thousand
rubles per one RTA event, 7.5 thousand rubles per a
person, 12.6 thousand rubles per a litre of fuel (all in
prices of 2005) |
|
|
|
|
|
The
following were not taken into account:
Damage due
to the tire dust
– its carcinogenic effect (works of Nictire Laboratory – V. B.
Tretyakov – and the Institute of carcinogenesis, RAS, Moscow);
ozone, being generated as a result of the solar rays’
effect to benzol; nitric dioxide and hydrocarbon as a
part of exhaust of an automobile (works of the University of
California, USA); vibration, visible and radio band radiation
(materials of Higher Ecological Counsel of the State Duma);
contamination of soil due to pouring out the fuel-lubricant
materials (works of the Institute of ecology
of a human being and hygiene of the environment, RAS, Moscow);
budget expenditures for liquidation of consequences of the
road-transport accidents, the effect of cars to the
landscape and climate (techniques of EU) .
As it is
supposed, taking into account all of this will increase the
total damage at least by 1.5 times.
As one can
see, the “toxic-ecological” damage is only one third of the
total. So, if the ecologists desperately struggling for
ecologically pure fuel achieve their goal, they will only a
little make the people happy. And what is the main - it is a
tremendous damage due to carcinogenic effect of the dust
produced by the tire friction (so far not taken into account)
that remains. In this sense, pure is only the tram and the
subway.
So, in the
overpopulated regions (the more people, the more cars) the
damage is tremendous. It is equal to approximately the cost of
the motor fuel. And as a whole, the benefit of the car equals
the harm of it. By the way, for the foreign states it is the
same. The owners of cars do not reimburse this damage, so, they
rob all the rest people, including their relatives and near
ones.
One more
problem of our time is electromagnetic “smog”. Even 30 years ago
one could see a great peak effect of this factor to people, as
compared with the natural fields – the continuous thunderstorm
activities all over the world.
Now, besides
the powerful transducers of TV broadcast, there exists a great
deal of relaying systems for providing the mobile communication
and especially personal transducers, id est, mobile phones. The
consequences are very harmful. No kidding! A little example. The
permissible norm of effect of the power flux density (PFD) for
professionals is established 1 mw per 1 cm2 during 15
min irradiation in a day. For the rest people the norm is by 10
times less, i. e. 0.1 mw. For reference: the power of a mobile
phone transducer is about 300 mw. When we press it to the ear
the contact area is about 10 cm2. If you divide the
first by the second, you will obtain PFD = 300/10 = 30 mw/cm2,
that is 300 times more than the permissible norm.
By the way,
in Moscow there are as many as 10 million tubes. If one switches
them on simultaneously, then the irradiation power will be 0.3 w
× 10,000,000 = 3 Mw (megawatt), which is much more than the
power of the Ostankino TV tower’ transducers (see Internet).
Another
general ecological problem is disposal of refuse. By
observation of sailors, now, the amount of debris on the ocean
surface in many places is more than the amount of plankton. The
crews of ships never troubling themselves heave it just
overboard. Owing to currents the refuse is travelling around the
world. Once, in the Arctic Ocean, a container with brightly
yellow ducks fell overboard and cracked. Sometime after that
event people used to find the yellow ducks in Indian Ocean and
even before the coast of Australia.
Recently, a
whole island made of bunched debris was found between California
and Hawaii. Its size was about Central Europe, though it was not
so dense to let one go over it. On the average, as the “German
wave” radio station informs us via Internet, now in seas and
oceans, up to 50 thousand articles of production are drifting
per a nautical mile. The most harmful of them is plastic. It
decomposes for more than a hundred years. Some fishes, being
deceived, swallow it, poison themselves, and perish.
And if the
oil pours out from the tanker because of the catastrophe, the
oil spot makes dead a great space where all poultry
perishes. The recent catastrophe of the tanker near the coast of
Spain made dead a great sea region which area is equal to
Portugal. This is also a catastrophe for the Spain tourist
business and for fishery of many countries. There is more harm
from recent accident by coast USA.
Let’s
remember that sea food takes the significant place in the
people’s menu. So, rise in the price of fish for the last
decades of years, which your parents can observe, is quite
explainable.
And one
more thing, perhaps the most important: no one organism cannot
live in its own waste.
A problem is
set for people: to increase the quality of protection against
the waste products, against the spilling of oil, to improve
processing the sea products with the aim of cleaning it of
harmful pollution and, first of all, of helminthes and parasites
we all are infected with. This is a problem for our and the
following generations. You will have a job for you. And, if you
learn since your young age to see demerits around you and to
invent, you, perhaps, will do it more successfully than we,
adult today.
So, in the
prospect, we have tremendous problems in the ecological sphere
to solve, and at the first place, in social ecology. And you are
to conceive it, to make more and more efficient technical means,
including on the world level efficiency, id est to make
inventions, nothing to say about your main industrial and
cultural activities.
How to
produce things with the maximum quality and highest efficiency –
that’s the subject for science, many sciences, many institutes
and designing bureaus, millions of scientists and engineers.
Many of them, in a manner, repeat some early made components,
details, units, and techniques… But somebody succeeds to find
such technical solutions one can find nowhere. And those
findings and products become inventions. We will discuss them
in other chapters of the book.
But there are
non-material goods, which we appreciate very much though they
could not be referred as goods and even the conditions of vital
functions.
1.3.
Non-material goods
First, by
this we mean security – personal and state (that is, public)
one. It is the guaranty that nobody will not take away all we
have, including our life and health. For this function, the
State has special right-protective (to say more correctly –
public-protective) organs – army, police, federal security
establishments and many others.
Non-material
goods today – it is also a great sphere of services. It is a
whole health protection system, sale of tickets, dry-cleaning,
services on tidying-up, repairs of technics, and so on. In the
US the whole volume of such services reaches 60% from all they
produce – Gross national output.
Further. As
well, these are means of organization of production. Let’s
imagine, that patents for new more qualitative and cheaper
electric lamps as a continuous current come from inventors to
the plant, but the experts there do not want to accept them.
That means that the society has not found the way how to
interest the experts, who do not wish to strain their heads to
read and analyze the novelties and then to accept and realize
the best of them at their plant. By the way, this matter is not
so simple, because it makes the people and specialists in the
industry to change expensive equipment. And if it concerns
scientists, they are forced to change their convictions, the
“truths” learned by heart, and sometimes to waive their
innermost ideas. The most stubborn resistance of such a kind was
defined by Karl Marks as “a professional cretinism”, id est as
an evident disease. We will talk later how to overcome it, for
the most successful inventors will be forced to come across this
phenomenon in their lives more than once.
And one more
thing: non-material goods are spiritual values as well. They are
religion, fine arts, theater, music, cinema, … Still more:
freedoms, rights (for which people – especially modern people –
is ready to pay and not little). Very often, the struggle for
rights and freedoms turns into the struggle for quality and
stableness of getting material goods. But not ever. This is also
the struggle for having possibility to fearlessly express our
own opinion, that the latter was taken onto account, that
nobody could force us to speak alternative language, to listen
alternative (disliked by us since our childhood) music. Not
everyone likes it, even provided the same material goods.
Citations,
aphorisms, and humor
“The human
existence is enigmatic. And this mysteriousness is alike
senselessness.”
“There is
nothing aimless in our life, if not to consider the life
itself.”
“Life without
love is not a life but existence. One cannot live without love.
It is for love, that the spirit is given to a human being.”
“The life, as
a matter of fact, comes to fuss of a human being with himself. ”
“Who can
explain the sense of his life? Nobody can..! One should not ask
himself about this. Just live! And go round, and look around
you. So then anguish will never oppress your heart.”
“We all live
without any sufficient basis for this.”
“One should
consider a day as a little life.”
“Those your
people are ridiculous. They bunched and squeeze each other,
though there is so much space on Earth. And everybody works.
What for? For whom? Nobody knows. You see a man ploughing and
think: here, he will pour out all his power with sweat drop by
drop into earth, and then he will lie down into it and rot into
it. Nothing will remain from him. He sees nothing from his field
and dies the same as was born – a fool… Well, was he born indeed
only, sort of, to peck at the ground and to die, having no time
even for digging a grave for himself? Does he aware of freedom?
Does he understand what the steppe to the full extent is? Does
the murmur of the waves cheer his anima? He is a slave – just as
he was born, a slave for all his life, and it’s all up!” Maxim
GORKY (Alexey Maximovich PESHKOV; 1868 -1936):
http://cpsy.ru/cit1255.htm.
One cannot
affirm that the classic was right in all he said. Let us think
together in our classes.
Questions
and tasks
1.
Can
one believe the world is unchangeable or it changes?
2.
Please, answer: which natural phenomena are relatively constant
(almost unchangeable) and which are rapidly changing?
3.
What
is changing faster – climate or weather? What is subject to
people?
4.
Where
can you see the impact of a man to the surrounding nature? If
so, is this impact positive or negative, to your mind?
5.
On the
example of your family, which changes happened during your life
in the home technics, nutrition, clearness of the air and water?
6.
What
non-material goods do you and your parents use?
7.
Do
your parents entrust or commit you to buy any goods? If not,
then why?
8.
If you
visit any shops, which rules of trading should be changed in the
first place, in your opinion?
The final Chapter
FOR TEACHERS, SCIENTISTS, AND EXPERTS
TO
NOVATIVE EDUCATION
is a
slogan not only for today, but for still much older days. Today
it is proclaimed from the highest tribunes, and we should hurry
up to start to make of pupils the true innovators and even
inventors. But the main thing – to make of them adults, who for
all their life will be trained to meet all the novelty and
usefulness with readiness.
The
author of the textbook in due time was a military engineer, an
inventor, Doctor of Engineering, then an innovator and an expert
on social development, Full Doctor of Economics, professor and
actually a founder of the Theory of public development and the
author of many publications on this theme.
The
obligatory invitation of teachers to perfect the textbook and to
prepare some obligatory "subject" applications, which was
planned by the author and the scientific and technical
community, raises the probability of that the material for
teaching will always be in the spirit of time as the Ministry
has noted.
Editing of the book will be also more carefully carried out.
The
project «NOVATIVE EDUCATION», which on the basis of the
conclusion and advice of the MINISTRY now is being prepared for
approbation in some educational establishments of Russia,
envisages, beginning with the high school, the introduction in
structure of all subjects of the compulsory curriculum of theory
and the practice innovative (more exactly and wider - NOVATIVE)
perception by pupils of reality and to teach them the skill of
finding the new and effective decisions first in simple, and
then in complex situations.
That
is training to a science and art of creativity, the skill to
noticing demerits in the world around and to make highly
effective inventions, including social ones. It should be the
true CONSTRUCTIVE Education. Difficulty of implementation of
novations, including social, is accounted for just by the fact
that our education system is based on presenting the knowledge
as if the God created it forever. And, thus, it demands from
the pupil only superficial understanding of a dogmatic product,
and more often - simply to remember it.
The
long-term, centuries-old stage of realization of the doctrine of
inflating pupils with a huge staff of knowledge without an
explanation of the dialectics and sense of their occurrence and
the public need, dries up the pupils’ brain by senseless storing
of this knowledge, practically never wanted by life. It brings a
huge contribution to sharp deterioration of health of children
and young men.
It
convinces many of them of its «professional unfitness»,
removes them from any science, any knowledge, does not develop
creative talent (natural for many children), and involuntarily
leads to the protest antisocial behavior, and perhaps also - to
alcohol and drugs.
Numerous November protests of schoolboys and schoolgirls in
France and Germany in 2008 against the useless and complicated
education prove this conclusion not only for the Russian
education.
We
should show, that a life, into which pupils enter, is not simply
full of lovely secrets about which the teacher tells them at
school, of interesting books and entertaining telecasts, but it
is not without serious lacks and imperfection. We should not
tell the children, that the life, in which they have already
come, lays in the evil and is full of only dangers, but they
should be crisply shown, that it is full of questions, and they
are faced with solving them. One should explain them that not
everything made by their parents and parents of their parents,
is absolutely true and solely true. Otherwise, we shall continue
to make from them dogmatics and conformists, for whom meeting
with something new (invented not by them) is almost a tragedy.
Especially for professionals who for all their life differently
learned and thought.
The
introduction of the “creativity sector” at school will allow to
embrace the pupils with the spirit of development, under the
control of administration and parents, the regular curriculum
being studied along with all this. In any case, it will be done
by means of significant decrease (as a factor of 2-3) of the
“drill load” in each subject up to the newly established basic
level. Along with this a stress will be done on the close
application to a modern life - technical, organizational,
informational... And also, the volume of humanistic and
humanitarian sector should increase – the wide propagation of
ideas of philanthropy, fundamentals of different cultures and
religions, and also physical culture, art creativity, travel,
etc. - up to 10 percent of school hours. And so it will be
gradually possible to forget about essential deterioration of
the pupils’ health. Indeed, for today, the pupils’ health
problem is the well-known fact. All the above was - first.
Second,
the pupils interested in more detailed study of some subjects
will be enabled the profound study of them by means of
additional lessons and advices with the same or specially picked
up teachers.
These
textbooks are the first ones of a series of teaching materials
for high schools (8-10 classes) and institutes. They should
gradually, with attraction of talented popular writers, be
transformed into the simplified textbook for 3-4 classes and, on
the contrary, in the more strictly written textbooks for special
institutes and universities of creativity.
It is
clear, that all this will inevitably give additional weight
(literally) to the textbook. That is why we decided to release
it as 2 or even 3 books. The material of the 2-nd book
(neoscience and then neoknoledge), which will include such
sections as the “World of the future”, “Fundamentals” of
personal and public health, and “I am an inventor” will be
handed to a publishing house only after the beginning of work on
the first.
Simultaneously, as we believe, the school should lift the
humanitarian and humanistic aspects and increase the
contribution to moral education of pupils: people of the future
with the increased creative capabilities should have the maximum
clean belief.
THE SCHEME of ADAPTATION of THE SUBJECT-MATTER of THE BOOK
«MATHEMATICS»
To
lay a special stress on the basic mathematical concepts and
notions, using picturesque forms of presenting the essence,
including such notions as: arithmetic and algebraic sums,
definite and indefinite integral, logarithm and antilogarithm,
differential calculus, solution of simple equations, the initial
conception on the theory of combinations and, what is very
important, the notion of a set and its development and
generalization, the notion of an infinite sequence.
Development of the mathematical conceptions in human history as
the forms of solving the main social problems (with outstripping
and lag). The role of invention in mathematics (for finding the
efficient and absolutely new solutions). Appearance of such
books as “Mathematics and plausible reasoning”, “The role of
invention in mathematics” and others. The part of mathematics in
development of different sciences. Exaggeration and
underestimation of the mathematics’ part in social development.
Available CD programs and how to use them, simple and complex
calculators including the programmable ones.
Development of mathematical conceptions - some historical
examples from the life of our society. An important role of
mathematics in development of different sciences, a harm of
unfounded increase of accuracy and of reference to mathematics
as an argument of truth.
THE SCHEME of ADAPTATION of THE SUBJECT-MATTER of THE BOOK
«PHYSICS»
The
realm of physical phenomena and evolution of the stages of its
step-by-step understanding. Revelation of natural laws and
attempts of their formalization (successful and unsuccessful).
The portion of cases enveloped and missed by well known laws of
Ohm, Hook ???? , and so on.
The
part of inventions in the universe of physical phenomena in the
course of development of human societies, in the evolution of
condition and results of human activities. The highest
achievements of a mankind on the physical basis for the last 20,
200 and 2000 years. Offers for future.
FROM SOCIAL SCIENCE AREA
The
important public achievements for the last 20, 200 and 2000
years and their importance for the society – positive and
negative. Some attempts of evaluation of their efficiency. Laws
and rules – manmade, short-lived, not forever. Suggestions for
future.
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